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1. Selelekela
Ho qhibilihisa koporo ka pyrometallurgical e ntse e le tsela e ka sehloohong bakeng sa tlhahiso ea koporo e hloekisitsoeng ea mantlha, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho feta 80% ea bokhoni ba lefats'e. Ts'ebetso ena e fetola metsoako ea koporo ea sulfide (haholo-holo chalcopyrite, CuFeS₂) hore e be koporo ea cathode e hloekileng haholo (≥99.99% Cu) ka letoto la mesebetsi ea metallurgical ea mocheso o phahameng. Sengoloa sena se hlalosa ka botlalo leqephe le kopaneng la phallo le nang le flash melting, converting, anode refinement, le electrolytic refinement.
2. Tokisetso le ho Kopanya Metsi
Metswako ya koporo (25-35% Cu) e fihla ka sekepe se seholo mme e bolokwa ka hara dipolokelo tse kwahetsweng. Mongobo hangata ke 8-12% mme o lokela ho fokotswa ho fihla ho ≤0.3% ho sebediswa di-oven tse potolohang kapa di-dryer tse nang le mokelikeli ho thibela ho phatloha le tshebediso e feteletseng ya matla ho qhibilihisweng ha metsi a theoha.
Motsoako o omisitsoeng o kopantswe le di-fluxes (quartz, limestone), di-revert, le di-converter slag ka tekanyo e laolwang hantle. Dimela tsa sejwalejwale di sebedisa di-feeder tsa di-disc tse iketsang le ditsamaiso tsa disele tsa mojaro tse fihlellang ho nepahala ha ho kopanya ka hare ho ±0.5%.
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3. Ho qhibilihisa ka Flash
Ho qhibilihisa ka khanya ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho phekola metsoako ea sulfide ea koporo, e emeloang lefatšeng ka bophara ke lifono tsa flash tsa Outotec (hona joale ke Metso) le lifono tse qapiloeng ke Chaena tse fefoloang ke oksijene tlase.
3.1 Molao-motheo oa Ts'ebetso
Motsoako o omileng o kenngoa moeeng o chesang, o nang le oksijene e ngata (motsoako oa oksijene 75-90%) ho 850-950°C. Likarabelo (ho omisa, oxidation, slag le ho thehoa ha matte) li phetheha ka metsotsoana e 3-5, 'me mocheso oa karabelo o tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea autothermal. Likarabelo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa: 4CuFeS₂ + 9O₂ → 4CuS + 2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂ 2FeS + 3O₂ + 2SiO₂ → 2FeO·SiO₂ + 2SO₂
3.2 Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa
- Sekoti sa karabelo: Bolelele ba 11-14 m, bophara ba 7-9 m, se manehiloe ka setene sa magnesite-chrome sa boemo bo holimo le lijakete tsa metsi tsa koporo.
- Settler le moalo oa ho monya: karohano ea matla a khoheli ea matte (65-75% Cu) le slag.
- Boiler ea mocheso oa litšila: e khutlisa mocheso o utloahalang ho tloha ho ~550°C kantle ho khase bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mouoane.
- Karolelano ea oksijene ho concentrate: 1.15-1.25 Nm³ O₂/t concentrate e omileng
- Mocheso oa shaft ea karabelo: 1250-1300°C
- Mocheso o sa tebang: 1180-1220°C
- Karolelano ea Slag Fe/SiO₂: 1.1-1.4, koporo ka har'a slag ≤0.6%
3.3 Liparamente tsa Taolo ea Bohlokoa
Bokgoni ba onto ya flash e le nngwe bo fihla ho 4000-5500 t/d concentrate ka bokgoni ba mocheso >98% le ho tshwara hoo e ka bang 100% SO₂.
4. Ho fetola
Matte e fetisetsoa ka li-waunder tse futhumetseng ka motlakase kapa li-ladle ho li-converter tsa Peirce-Smith kapa li-oven tse tsoelang pele tsa ho fetola.
4.1 Mokhahlelo oa ho Theha Letlalo
Moea o nonneng ka oksijene (25-35% O₂) o butsoeloa ho oxidize tšepe sulfide. Lero le nang le 2-8% Cu lea tlosoa 'me le khutlisetsoa ho qhibilihisoeng ha flash.
4.2 Mokhahlelo oa ho Etsa Koporo
Ho tswela pele ho ntsha oxidize Cu₂S ho ba koporo ya blister (98.5-99.3% Cu) ho 1180-1230°C.
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1.Master Coil Loading & Auto-Centering → Koloi ea hydraulic coil ea lithane tse 15 + photoelectric servo EPC, phoso ea ho hokahanya bohareng ba mola < 0.1 mm
2. Ho Notlolla le ho Theha Khatello → Brake ea phofo ea makenete + taolo ea servo e koetsoeng, 50–1500 N e ka fetoloang hantle
3. Ho Senyeha ka ho Nepahala → Di-disc tsa tungsten carbide kapa PM HSS tse tswang kantle ho naha, ho seha ha spindle ≤ 0.002 mm, di-spacer di sila ho fihlela ho ± 0.001 mm, puseletso ya ho robeha ka nako ya sebele
4. Ho sebetsana le ho seha ha Edge → Di-winder tse ikemetseng tsa dihlooho tse pedi; ho seha ho kgutlisitswe e le dikhoele kapa ho silafatswa sebakeng seo
5. Ho Busetsa Morao le ho Itšehla Thata → Ho itšehla thajana ha motjeko ka mong ka khoele, mandrel a pneumatic + tšireletso ea sekhutlo se iketsang, ho hokahanya sefahleho ≤ ± 0.3 mm
6. Ho Khaola le ho Paka ka Othomathiki → Fokotsa lebelo → ho seha → ho phuthela pampiri → leibole → ho ntsha metsi ka metsotsoana e 45
Ts'ebetso e Felletseng ea ho Sila Coil ea Koporo ka Boiketsetso
5. Ho Hloekisa Mollo oa Sebōpi sa Anode
Koporo ea blister e chesoa ka har'a lifono tsa anode tse sa sisinyeheng tsa 50-500 t kapa tse sekametseng bakeng sa ho hloekisa ho fokotsa oxidation.
5.1 Mokhahlelo oa ho Phekola Oxidation
Marumo a moea kapa a oksijene a tlosa masalla a Fe, Ni, As, Sb, le Bi e le mafome a phaphametseng.
5.2 Mokhahlelo oa Phokotso
Oksijene e fokotsoa ka ho sebedisa kgase ya tlhaho, diesel, kapa dipalo tsa lehong ho fihlela ho 150-300 ppm. Koporo e hlwekisitsweng e lahlelwa ka hara anode ya 300-450 kg (Cu ≥99.0%).
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6.1 Maemo a Tshebetso
- Sekhahla sa hona joale: 220-320 A/m²
- Motlakase oa sele: 0.22-0.32 V
- Mocheso oa electrolyte: 60-65°C
- Cu²⁺: 40-55 g/L, mahala H₂SO₄: 150-220 g/L
6.2 Likarabelo tsa Elektrok'hemik'hale
Ho qhibiliha ha anode: Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ Dikarolo tse ding tse hlomphehang (Au, Ag, Se, Te) di tlaleha ho slime ya anode; dikarolo tse seng hlomphehang haholo di kena tharollong. Poelo ya ho bewa ha cathode e fihla ho ≥99.993% Cu e fihlella ditlhaloso tsa LME Grade A.
7. Kalafo e sa sebeliseng khase le Taolo ea Tikoloho
Dikhase tse ruileng ka SO₂ tse tswang ho flash oven, di-converter, le dioven tsa anode di a phodiswa, di a tloswa lerole, mme di sebetswa dimeleng tsa asiti tse kopanang habeli tse fihlellang ho hlaphoheloa ha sebabole ho feta 99.8%. Khase ya mohatla SO₂ e ka tlase ho 100 mg/Nm³. Arsenic, mercury, le dimethale tse ding tse boima di tloswa ka mekgwa e ikgethang.
8. Qetello
Pyrometallurgy ea koporo ea mehleng ena e fihletse ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho tsoela pele, boiketsetso, le ts'ebetso ea tikoloho. Maqephe a phallo a kopantsoeng a ho qhibilihisa le ho fetola anode ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele a fana ka pholiso ea koporo ka kakaretso >98.5% le ts'ebeliso e khethehileng ea matla ea cathode ea 280-320 kgce/t, e emelang litekanyetso tsa maemo a lefats'e. Lintlafatso tse tsoelang pele tsa ho ntlafatsa oksijene, mahlale a tsoelang pele a ho etsa koporo, le taolo ea ts'ebetso ea dijithale li tla ntlafatsa katleho le botsitso haholoanyane.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-24-2025